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Information Directory

Reference Directory

Non-ionizing Radiation Sources

Optical Energy – Infrared

  • Objects heated to high temperature
  • heating sources
  • lamp filaments
  • Molten metal
  • Thermotherapy

Optical Energy – Ultraviolet

  • Electric arcs (metal welding and cutting)
  • Fluorescent and mercury vapor lamps
  • Tanning booths
  • UV sterilization
  • Sunlight (natural exposure)
  • Phototherapy

Optical Energy – Laser

  • Microwelding and microfinishing
  • Drilling and cutting
  • Precision measurements
  • Telemetry
  • Holography
  • Telecommunications
  • Guidance systems
  • Light shows
  • Nuclear fusion research
  • Isotope separation and spectroscopy
  • Microsurgery
  • Cauterization

Optical Energy – Visible Light

  • Projectors
  • Spotlights
  • Floodlights
  • Flashlights

Microwave and RF Energy – Extremely Low and Very Low Frequency (ELF and VLF)

  • High voltage transmission and power lines
  • Electrical appliances with motors
  • Video display terminals (VDTs)

Microwave and RF Energy – Microwave

  • Radar installations
  • Broadcasting stations
  • Television transmitters
  • Ovens
  • Diathermy units

Microwave and RF Energy – Radiofrequency

  • Broadcasting and telecommunications
  • Radar
  • Air traffic control
  • Meteorology
  • Metallurgy
  • Food processing
  • Sterilization
  • Scientific research and medicine

Ultrasonic Energy – Consumer

  • Big, bird and rodent control
  • Burglar alarms
  • Traffic control
  • Dog whistles

Ultrasonic Energy – Medical

  • Physical therapy
  • Fetal cephalometry
  • Placental localization
  • Detection of intra-uterine life
  • Diagnosis of multiple pregnancy
  • Dental hygiene
  • Chest wall thickness determination
  • Burn depth determination

Ultrasonic Energy – Industrial

  • Cleaning
  • Machining
  • Welding plastics
  • Emulsifying
  • Flow detection
  • Electronic signal processing
  • Sonar detection